Posterior Reversible Encephalitis Syndrome (PRES) in a paediatric patient in the intensive care unit
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is an entity that has gained importance in recent years. The diagnosis is clinical-radiological. Clinically, the patient presents neurological alterations such as headache, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, and visual disturbances. Radiologically, it includes cerebral oedema, predominantly of the white matter of parietal-occipital regions on magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple situations can trigger this condition, including high blood pressure, immunosuppressants, steroids, and chemotherapy well-known risk factors. An early diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to avoid the appearance of sequelae in these patients.
This case consists of a patient diagnosed at 11 years of age with a bifocal non-germline tumour in the brain who, after treatment with chemotherapy, presented a clinical deterioration with instability compatible with septic shock. Subsequently, he presented a sudden alteration in the level of consciousness accompanied by hypertension and renal failure, which was suspected of PRES after a brain CT imaging test.
Downloads
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Mata-Perera C, et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing and protecting the author rights is the central aim and core of the publishing business. Peertechz dedicates itself in making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others while maintaining consistency with the rules of copyright. Peertechz licensing terms are formulated to facilitate reuse of the manuscripts published in journals to take maximum advantage of Open Access publication and for the purpose of disseminating knowledge.
We support 'libre' open access, which defines Open Access in true terms as free of charge online access along with usage rights. The usage rights are granted through the use of specific Creative Commons license.
Peertechz accomplice with- [CC BY 4.0]
Explanation
'CC' stands for Creative Commons license. 'BY' symbolizes that users have provided attribution to the creator that the published manuscripts can be used or shared. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author.
Please take in notification that Creative Commons user licenses are non-revocable. We recommend authors to check if their funding body requires a specific license.
With this license, the authors are allowed that after publishing with Peertechz, they can share their research by posting a free draft copy of their article to any repository or website.
'CC BY' license observance:
|
License Name |
Permission to read and download |
Permission to display in a repository |
Permission to translate |
Commercial uses of manuscript |
|
CC BY 4.0 |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
The authors please note that Creative Commons license is focused on making creative works available for discovery and reuse. Creative Commons licenses provide an alternative to standard copyrights, allowing authors to specify ways that their works can be used without having to grant permission for each individual request. Others who want to reserve all of their rights under copyright law should not use CC licenses.
Prasad N, Gulati S, Gupta RK, Sharma K, Gulati K, Sharma RK, Gupta A. Spectrum of radiological changes in hypertensive children with reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy. Br J Radiol. 2007 Jun;80(954):422-9. doi: 10.1259/bjr/81758556. Epub 2007 Mar 28. PMID: 17392398.
Montero Yéboles R, Manzanares-Santos S, Martínez-Mesones L, Díaz-Rueda L, Ruiz-Sáez B. PRES Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in pediatric population. Presentación de casos y revisión bibliográfica. Neurología Argentina. 2022 Jul;14(3):197–200.
San Martín García I, Urabayen Alberdi R, Díez Bayona V, Sagaseta de Ilúrdoz Uranga M, Esparza Estaun J, Molina Garicano J, et al. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: 5 chemotherapy-related cases. An Pediatr (Barc). 2014 Feb 1; 80(2):117-21.
Castellano-Martinez A, Roldán-Cano V, Morales-Arandojo P, Rodriguez-González M. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a debut of postinfectious glomerulonephritis. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2022 May;96(5):452-454. doi: 10.1016/j.anpede.2021.06.012. Epub 2022 May 7. PMID: 35537941.
Casali Rey JI, Dávalos EG, López Amalfara A, Julio Muñoz D, Pagano MA. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: presentation of clinical cases. Rev neurol (Ed impr). 2003; 224-7.
Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: clinical and radiological manifestations, pathophysiology, and outstanding questions. Lancet Neurol. 2015 Sep;14(9):914-925. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00111-8. Epub 2015 Jul 13. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2015 Sep;14(9):874. PMID: 26184985.
PRES in Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell or Solid Organ Transplantation – PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25917987/
Ishikura K, Hamasaki Y, Sakai T, Hataya H, Mak RH, Honda M. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with kidney diseases. Pediatr Nephrol. 2012 Mar;27(3):375-84. doi: 10.1007/s00467-011-1873-2. Epub 2011 May 11. PMID: 21556718.
Lamy C, Oppenheim C, Méder JF, Mas JL. Neuroimaging in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. J Neuroimaging. 2004 Apr;14(2):89-96. PMID: 15095552.
Urias DS, Zaltzman S, Garza GG, Murata C. Encefalopatía posterior reversible. Experiencia en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Ciencias Clínicas. 2014 Jan 1; 15(1):14–21.
Fischer M, Schmutzhard E. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. J Neurol. 2017 Aug;264(8):1608-1616. doi: 10.1007/s00415-016-8377-8. Epub 2017 Jan 4. PMID: 28054130; PMCID: PMC5533845.
Granata G, Greco A, Iannella G, Granata M, Manno A, Savastano E, Magliulo G. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome--Insight into pathogenesis, clinical variants and treatment approaches. Autoimmun Rev. 2015 Sep;14(9):830-6. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.05.006. Epub 2015 May 18. PMID: 25999210.
Marra A, Vargas M, Striano P, Del Guercio L, Buonanno P, Servillo G. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: the endothelial hypotheses. Med Hypotheses. 2014 May;82(5):619-22. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.02.022. Epub 2014 Mar 1. PMID: 24613735.
Vagace JM, de la Maya MD, Caceres-Marzal C, Gonzalez de Murillo S, Gervasini G. Central nervous system chemotoxicity during treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2012 Nov;84(2):274-86. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.04.003. Epub 2012 May 11. PMID: 22578745.
Gewirtz AN, Gao V, Parauda SC, Robbins MS. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021 Feb 25;25(3):19. doi: 10.1007/s11916-020-00932-1. PMID: 33630183; PMCID: PMC7905767.
Seeman T, Hamdani G, Mitsnefes M. Hypertensive crisis in children and adolescents. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019 Dec;34(12):2523-2537. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-4092-2. Epub 2018 Oct 1. PMID: 30276533.
Anastasopoulou S, Eriksson MA, Heyman M, Wang C, Niinimäki R, Mikkel S, Vaitkevičienė GE, Johannsdottir IM, Myrberg IH, Jonsson OG, Als-Nielsen B, Schmiegelow K, Banerjee J, Harila-Saari A, Ranta S. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Clinical characteristics, risk factors, course, and outcome of disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019 May;66(5):e27594. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27594. Epub 2018 Dec 27. PMID: 30592147.
Baytan B, Ozdemir O, Demirkaya M, Evim MS, Gunes AM. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy induced by cancer chemotherapy. Pediatr Neurol. 2010 Sep;43(3):197-201. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2010.05.005. PMID: 20691942.
Peter P, George A. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and the pediatric population. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2012 May;7(2):136-8. doi: 10.4103/1817-1745.102579. PMID: 23248696; PMCID: PMC3519074.
Yamamoto H, Natsume J, Kidokoro H, Ishihara N, Suzuki M, Tsuji T, Kubota T, Yamada A, Ozeki M, Kato Z, Kawamura Y, Yoshikawa T, Okumura A, Ando N, Saitoh S, Takahashi Y, Watanabe K, Kojima S. Clinical and neuroimaging findings in children with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2015 Nov;19(6):672-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.07.005. Epub 2015 Jul 22. PMID: 26232050.
Faille LD, Fieuws S, Van Paesschen W. Clinical predictors and differential diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Acta Neurol Belg. 2017 Jun;117(2):469-475. doi: 10.1007/s13760-017-0750-6. Epub 2017 Jan 31. PMID: 28144796; PMCID: PMC5440491.